Sentence VS Clause

INTRODUCTION

A. Background

In this life, Communication is an important things in human’s life. Every time and eveywhere people do it to get their needs. They use language as the main tool of this process. In this era, the language that we usually use is English language. English is one of the popular language in this era and English has some of pattern to construct it word, phrase, clause and sentence.

There are millions words now used by people. Everytime people get more and more new words unless they know the way it happens. Only some of us that can understand about syntax, so in this paper my group will discuss the about sentence and clause, so we can understand a little bit about sentence and clause.

B. Problem Statement

Based on the background above, the research questions as follow:

1. What is the definition of sentence?
2. What is the types of sentence?
3. What is the definition of clause?
4. What is the types of clause?
5. What is the different between sentence and clause?

C. Purpose

The objectives of this research based on research problem above are:

1. To know the definition of sentence and their types.
2. To understand the definition of clause and their types.
3. To understand the different between sentence and clause.

DISCUSSION

A. The Definition of Sentence

Sentence is a group of words that contains a subject and verb which has a complete meaning and it ends with end mark. Example: She finds a pen in the class.

B. Kinds of Sentence

1. Based on its ordinary

• Verbal → The ordinary sentence verb is pure (not using “be”)

Example: I study English

• Nominal → The ordinary sentence verb is using “be”

Example: She is my cousin

2. Based on its form

• Statement

a. Positive → Example: My father gives me money
b. Negative → Example: My father doesn’t give me money

• Question

a. Yes/No Question → Example: Does my father give my money?
b. Informative → Example: Who gives you money?
c. Imperative → Example: Listen to me
d. Exclamatory → Example: How cold it is!

3. Based on its structure

• Simple sentence is a sentence that only contain a single main clause. Example: Jimmy buys a book.

• Compound sentence is a sentence that contain two or more main clause by using the compound conjunction (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet) to combine the main clause. Example: He is poor, but he is honest.

• Complex sentence is a sentence that contain only one main clause and one or more subordinate clause by using the complex conjunction to combine the clause. For example: I know that she is a smart student.

• Compound-complex sentence is a sentence that contain at least two main clause and at least one subordinate clause. For example: When I grow up, I want to be a lecture and my mother will proud fo me.

C. The Definition of Clause

Clause is a group of words that contai a subject or predicate. Predicate here can be a verb. Either in the form of an adjective, noun, or other and clause is the smallest grammatical unit that expresses a single thought. For example: I eat

D. Kinds of Clause

Main clause/independent clause is a clause that has a complete meaning and can stand alone like a sentence. For example: She won’t come.

Subordinate clause/dependent clause is a clause that cannot stand alone. For example: unless you invite her.

E. Kinds of Subordinate Clause/Dependent Clause

1. Adjective clause also known as a relative clause is a sub clause that modify the noun (head). For example: The man who is standing at the door is my brother. Generally, there are two types of adjective clause:

• Relative pronoun

Relative pronoun a subject is a sub clause that the conjunction (who, which, that) replace position of the subject. For example:First sentence: The man is my close friend
Second sentence : He helped you yesterday
The man who helped you yesterday is my close friend.

Relative pronoun as a object is a sub clause that the conjunction (who, whom, which, that) replace the position of object. For example:
First sentence : The dog was dead
Second sentence : I kick it yesterday
The dog that I kick yesterday was dead.

Relative pronoun as a possesive is a sub clause that the conjunction (whose, noun of which)replace the position of possessive. For Example:
Fisrt sentence : The film is about a spy
Second sentence : His wife betrays him
The film is about a spy whose wife betrays him

• Relative Adverb

Relative adverb of place is a sub clause that the conjunction (where,that, in/on/at which) replace the position noun of place or preposition. For example:
First place : The small town has grown to a large metropolis
Second place : I was born there
The small town where I was born has grown to a large metropolis

Relative adverb of time is a sub clause that the conjunction (when,that, in/on/at which) replace the position noun of time. For example:
First sentence : I’ll never forget the day
Second sentence : I met you
I’ll never forget the day when I met you

Relative adverb of reason is a sub clause that the conjunction(why,that, for which) replace the position noun of time. For example: The reason why Sam love Ijah is unbelievable.

2. Noun clause is a sub clause that function as a noun. Usually, noun clause was used for answer the question “What”. Generally, there are five types of noun clause:

• As subject of verb

Question: What made her friends cry?
Answer: what Alicia said
What Alicia said made her friends cry

• As object of verb

Question: What didn’t he know?
Answer: why the stove wasn’t working.
He didn’t know why the stove was’t working

• As subject complement

Question: What was Darla’s excuse for being late?
Answer: It was that she forgot to set her alarm
Darla’s excuse for being late was that she forgot to set her alarm

• As object of preposition

Question: Allie is the owner of what
Answer: That blue car parked outside
Allie is the owner of that blue car parked outside

• Adjective complement → to modify verb, adjective, or adverb

Question: why is the child sad?
Answer: His stomach hurts
The child is sad that his stomach hurts

3. Adverbial clause is a sub clause that function as adverb to modify the verb, adjective and another adverb. For example: If she was a nice girl, my mother will like her. There are ten types of adverbial clause:

• Adverbial clause of time is a sub clause that say something happens by reffering to a period or point of time, or to another event. For example: Her goldfish was died when she was young.

• Adverbial clause of place is a sub clause that talk about the location or position of something. For example: She lives where her parents used to live.

• Adverbial clause of contrast is a clause that make two statement but both of the caluse make a contrast statement. For example: I used to read a lot although I dont get much time for books now.

• Adverbial clause of reason is a clause that indicate the reason for something. For example: I couldn’t feel anger againts him because I liked him too much.

• Adverbial clause of result is a clause that indicate the result of an act or event. For example: He spoke so fast that nobody could understand

• Adverbial clause of purpose is a clause that indicate the purpose of an action. For example: They had to take some of his land so that they could extend the churchyard.

• Adverbial clause of condition is a clause that talk about a possible or counterfactual situation and its consequences. For example: If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the beach tomorrow

• Adverbial clause of exception is a clause that state an exception. For example: the car is all right, except that the heater doesn’t work.

• Adverbial clause of manner is a clause that talk about someone’s behaviour or the way something is done. For example: I was never allowed to do things as I wanted to do them.

• Adverbial clause of comparison is a clause that state compare a skill, size, or amount, etc. For example: Johan can speak English as fluently as his teacher

CLOSING

A. Conclusion

Based on the discussion, we can conclude that sentence is a clause but we can’t conclude that all of the clause is a sentence because if we said that all of the clause is a sentence, it will contrast with the definition of sentence that state sentence is a group word that have a complete meaning meanwhile dependent clause/subordinate clause is a clause that has an uncomplete meaning.

By discussing and learning about the sentence and clause make my group more understand about the real function of sentence and clause although there are some similarity both of them, it can make us easier to understand how to combine a word to another word become a great sentence

B. Suggestion

Based on this paper, it so crucial to looking for any more references. The language cannot be understand by one reference. Then, when we discussing about the sentence, it takes a lot of understanable sources to be effective.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Sam Abdullah Mutaqin. 2013. Planet Grammar. Kresna English Language Institute
Suherman. 2013. Top Grammar. RD. Aas Rukasa
Ehrlich Eugene. Schaum’s Outlines English Grammar. Erlangga, Jakarta: 2004.
Juanda Suryadi. Complete English Grammar Belajar Bahasa Inggris Dari Awal Sampai Mahir. Pustaka Pelajar. Yogyakarta: 2011.
Schrampfer Azar Betty, Understanding and Using English Grammar, Binarupa Aksara, Jakarta: 1993.